Evaluación de la exposición a plaguicidas organofosforados y carbamatos en población ambiental y ocupacionalmente expuesta de los municipios de Aránzazu (Caldas) y Nechí (Antioquia), Colombia, 2023
Thesis
Introduction: The use of organophosphate and carbamate type pesticides in Colombia is highly diversified as a mechanism for pest control in crops, however, its inappropriate use can produce effects on health and the environment, so it is important to know the impact that these substances have at the national level from a comprehensive perspective, without neglecting the world evidence that speaks of the consequences of exposure to this type of substance. Objective: To determine the exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in the environmentally and occupationally exposed population of the municipalities of Aranzazu (Caldas) and Nechí (Antioquia), Colombia, 2023. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, with non-probabilistic sampling, in 200 people (100 individuals in Aranzazu (Caldas) and 100 in Nechí (Antioquía)), in each of these municipalities, 50% of the sample was of people occupationally exposed and 50% environmentally exposed. The sociodemographic characteristics, work history and habits of the population were determined and measurements of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides were made in biological samples (urine and blood). Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated and relationships were sought between the variables included in the study. Results: 117 occupationally exposed people and 90 environmentally exposed people entered the study. The average age in years for the occupationally and environmentally exposed group was 45.3 and 45.1 respectively. The organophosphate pesticide Malathion presented percentage significant data in blood. There is a low adherence to the use of personal protection elements in the populations of Nechí and Aranzazu. There is a higher proportion of women workers in agriculture in Nechí. Conclusion: When comparing the concentrations of pesticides between occupationally exposed and environmentally exposed people, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the levels.
