The present work highlights the importance of air transport as a crosscutting element in world economic activity and in Colombia specifically. From there, the key factors of competitiveness in the air transport sector in general are analyzed and then it establishes a direct relationship with the current state of aviation in Colombia so that through the existing literature the level of competitiveness in the country in relation to the passenger air transport industry, progress against performance indicators and the challenges facing the industry. After identifying the variables and the status of each one in Colombia, a series of challenges arise that must be activated in order for the country to be competitive at a regional and global level. Aspects such as infrastructure, operating costs, tax systems, connectivity, prices and quality of service are included. For each identified variable, a solution alternative is proposed that can be applied from the public sector in alliance with the private sector. These include: creation of minihubs or regional connection centers, better tax distribution, investment in airport infrastructure, integration of airport and airline systems, and exemption from fuel charges as a way to subsidize this mode of transport, especially in regional routes. This work allows us to see with data and analysis of the industry the reality of commercial aviation in Colombia, the challenges that must be overcome to position the country at the regional and global level in terms of air competitiveness. To achieve this, specific solution alternatives are provided, feasible in the medium and long term
