Objective: To determine the level of risk of exposure to respirable coal dust and crystalline silica and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in workers in underground mines of the department of Cundinamarca. Methods: A cross-sectional study in groups of similar exposure (GES) in selected mines, the sample size was comprised of 11 companies and 215 workers where environmental sampling was performed to measure levels of coal dust and crystalline silica. Results: The average age of the evaluated group was 46 years with predominance in the age group of 40-49 years male, a statistically significant association with coal dust (p = 0. 050) was found. No significant association with crystalline silica (p = 0. 537) was found. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that variables together explain the appearance of pneumoconiosis in miners tunnel were small business size (p = 0. 04) risk level scale low carbon (p = 0, 02 age greater than or equal to 30 years (p = 0. 00) and smoking for more than one year (p = 0. 00) Conclusion: The disease in coal miners in underground mines, are influenced by multiple factors that influence its development, perpetuation and outcome. The determination of these variables with the prompt and effective intervention of controllable risk factors favoring the disruption of a process that otherwise would have disastrous results for the individual and the organization.
