The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported in 2010 that 71% of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period, and neonatal asphyxia is the cause of 29% of deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean 2. Since the adoption of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has been reduced the mortality rate by 35 % in children under five years in the period 1990-2010 (88 deaths per thousand live births to 57). In fact was reported for Colombia a reduction in infant mortality rate of 19%, the infant mortality rate in children under one year, was of 17 and the rate of death from prematurity was 12 per thousand live births. The rate of perinatal morbidity suffocation was 8 per thousand live births. The results obtained in a retrospective study of the behavior of perinatal hypoxia in 2007-2011 made in the Project: Perinatal hypoxia in the Neonatology Service of Mederi Hospital: current state of the problem, showed a mortality rate of 10,7 per thousand live births and perinatal asphyxia was 0.06% of total deaths in total live births in that period (8837), preliminary results of this work were presented at two international conferences in 2012 and 2014 6-8 and the final result at the 8th International Congress of Perinatal Medicine in Developing Countries in 2014 12. There are both clinical as metabolic and physiological markers related with the alterations in the tissues exposed to hypoxic event or asphyxia, which can be detected at different times of perinatal and neonatal stage, these providing relevant information about the extent of damage and management that must be applied in each case. The multiorgan damage is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia, so cardiac metabolic disorders, liver and endothelial dysfunction, affect the central nervous system, the target of major and irreversible metabolic disorders. In this study was carried of the determination of serum S100B protein in 60 newborn from Mederi Hospital, these values were compared to gestational age, birth weight, and diagnosis of these infants. Was analyzed the population mean of two groups established as a value of statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. The results of this study were presented at the 8th World Congress of Perinatal Medicine in September 2014. The analysis showed no significant differences when comparing variables such as gestational age differences, weight and diagnosis in newborns 12.. However, this study did not include infants with a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia or respiratory depression with clinical signs of organ dysfunction, because of that is necessary to increase this study with a sample of infants that includes several hospitals to establish the number of cut of this marker in our population.
