Introduction: The total hemoglobin concentration is one of the most commonly measured indicators in blood. However, its values vary with altitude, gender and age, among others, which makes necessary to have adjusted reference values for these conditions in order to properly establish the diagnosis of both anemia and erythrocytosis. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for hemoglobin in the Colombian population between 1 and 18 years, according to age, gender, and altitude of the place of residence. Materials and Methods: The values of hemoglobin from the National Health Survey (ENDS) and nutritional status (ENSIN) Colombia 2010 were analyzed from individuals 1-18 years, after excluding subjects with inflammatory conditions (CRP> 1. 2 mg/dl) and with depleted iron stores (serum ferritin < 22 μg/l), according to age, gender and altitude of the place of residence, using the statistical package SPSS Statistics 21. 0. Results and Discussion: In the selected population a prevalence of ferropenic anemia from 0% to 50% was found; a prevalence of non ferropenic anemia from 0% to 18. 8% was observed. Significant increases in hemoglobin levels according to age, gender and altitude starting at 500 MASL were observed, and for these latter, the values found were higher than those established by the World Health Organization. Significant differences in haemoglobinaemia according to ethnicity were also found.
