Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a psychological syndrome that involves a prolonged response to chronic interpersonal stressors at work. The three key dimensions of this response are debilitating exhaustion, feelings of cynicism and detachment from work, and a sense of ineffectiveness and lack of achievement. More than 50% of physicians suffer from this syndrome, which has been linked to higher rates of depression, suicide, and more medical errors. Objective: To identify the prevalence and risk factors for Burnout syndrome in Latin American physicians during the years 2010 to 2020. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature in the PUBMED/MEDLINE, BIREME, LILACS and SCIELO databases was conducted, using the search terms in English and Spanish (Burnout) OR (Burnout Syndrome) OR (Maslach) AND (Physicians), without language restriction, which will include original studies conducted in physicians where the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and risk factors are determined. After a systematic search of the databases and with the search terms described, 4079 studies were found in PUBMED/MEDLINE, 551 studies in BIREME, 102 studies in LILACS, and 99 studies in SCIELO. Fourteen studies were selected at the end of the review. Results: The frequency of Burnout syndrome was determined in the results of 1855 graduate physicians, 54.2% ( CI 95% 33.9;66.8) presented a diagnosis of Burnout syndrome. The associated risk factors described were: workload, greater medical complexity, alteration of family life due to shifts, threats of litigation, institutional restrictions, excess responsibility, studying a specialty in comparison with subspecialty residents, better economic income, female sex, less time of work seniority, extra work activities, family dysfunction, being young doctors. Conclusion: The present systematic review determined the prevalence and factors associated with the development of burnout syndrome in physicians in Latin America during the years 2010 to 2020 Keywords: Burnout Burnout syndrome Maslach Physicians
