Caracterización de las condiciones de salud y de trabajo y su relación con lesiones cutáneas en los orfebres artesanales de Mompox Bolivar-Colombia 2015
Thesis
SUMMARY. The health disorders related to work (illness and accidents) can be prevented from well focused activities Management system safety and health at work (OHSMS), making the identification and control of causal agents in the environment work and monitoring the health of de working population. The project developed is aimed at a specific group of goldsmiths in the city of Mompox, Bolivar, where this craft work focuses on the art of filigree, generationally transmitted from yesteryear. In this city the goldsmiths, correspond to an informal sector of the economy, are union members in three main associations in the county seat, in the performance of their duties, there art professionals watermark handing chemical agents such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, silver and mercury, which are used in the different stages of the process that includes typical of this work techniques. Given that the information available in scientific literature mainly describes the effects of chemical agents in other different trades to the goldsmith population and knowing that exposure to these chemicals can cause various effects on the body, the interest of this project focuses specifically in the skin alterations possibly related to the working conditions of the population in the informal sector. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is a study of crosscut, which made a selection for convenience of 114 workers from goldsmiths Momposinos in order to identify the relationship of working conditions with the presence of skin disorders of workers who work in artisanal gold work in the city of Mompox, Bolivar department in 2015, so that consideration leaving the description of the findings, and precise future research and interventions, in this group of workers is enable. The instruments used for gathering information and for the fulfillment of the objectives were the National Survey on working conditions National Institute for safety and health at work of Spain (INSHT) that collects information on the characterization of the population sociodemographic and occupational level, and for the determination of dermatological diseases related to work the NOSQ-2002 Occupational skin diseases Nordic origin was used in the validated Spanish version. Categorical variables with percentages and (quantitative) continuing with measures of central tendency and dispersion were described. The association between occupational exposure findings and symptoms and signs in skin, was estimated by relative risks. RESULTS75, 4% of the population was mate and 67, 5% reported performing their duties as independent workers. Regarding the identification of health conditions, the perception of the goldsmiths was positive, reporting very good health in 34% of them 8% of the population said dermatological eczema type changes in the past six months and 11% presented mainly in the hands. Regarding the initiation of eczema, 97% of workers reported than initiated the contact with chemicals and 98, 7% said they were carrying out the work of goldsmith when he began eczema. The prevalent lesion was red stain without edema 8% of workers followed blotching and small (3% respectively) blisters and dry skin with scales at 2% of the people in the study. CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study showed the prevalence of skin lesions manly in the hands, eczema type (red spots) or pruritus (itching). Decreasing exposure times, adaptation of hours and rest periods, appropriate personal protective systems and implementation of a program of education and participation for comprehensive risk control it is recommended.
