Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax continues being a public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the whole world. In spite of this species' epidemiological importance, its biological complexity has hampered advances being made in the field of vaccine development. Few antigens have been described and analyzed to date in preclinical and clinical studies, thereby highlighting the great challenge facing groups currently working on this parasite species. This review summarizes the most representative work done during the last few years and discusses the approaches adopted in making progress towards an anti-Plasmodium vivax vaccine.