Congenital malformations develop in intrauterine life, occur in 3-6% of newborns worldwide and are an important cause of fetal death, morbidity and mortality and childhood disability. The congenital gastrointestinal malformations under study require surgical interventions during the first days of life, so knowing the prevalence by locality could guide decision makers in the development of public policies that guarantee timely care, in addition to contributing to the generation of hypotheses for new research projects. Objective: Determine the prevalence of seven congenital gastrointestinal malformations in newborns in the 20 locations of Bogotá, Colombia in a period of six years and explore factors associated with their occurrence. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study carried out using data from mandatory notification form 215 of the Bogotá Health Secretariat between 2015 and 2021. All records available in the database were taken into account where The ICD10 selected for gastrointestinal malformations were reported. Records of newborns whose locality of residence registered in the record was not Bogotá were excluded from the study. In total, 869 records were included in the study. The data received from the Bogotá Health Secretariat was processed in Excel. Descriptive analyzes were performed with the free software Jamovi and Spearman correlation tests were done in SPSS. Results: Gastrointestinal malformations occurred more frequently in male newborns (50.5%) and the highest number of cases corresponded to the town of Kennedy (12.3%). Esophageal atresia was the most frequently reported malformation (25.9%), followed by gastroschisis and anorectal malformation (19%). The prevalence of gastrointestinal malformations in Bogotá, in the period 2015-2021, was 1.42 x 1000 births. The locations with the highest prevalence were La Candelaria (4.76x1000), Antonio Nariño (2.4x1000) and Santa Fe (1.91x1000). No correlation was found between primiparity and the prevalence of the three most common malformations (esophageal atresia, gastroschisis and anorectal malformation) (Rho= 0.089, p=0.009). A weak negative correlation was found between age over 35 years and the prevalence of gastroschisis (rho=-0.175, p<0.001), while a weak positive correlation was found for anorectal malformation (Rho=0.122, p<0.001). The analyzes carried out suggest a strong positive correlation between the consumption of psychoactive or hallucinogenic substances in homes (Spearman's Rho =0.597, p=0.006) and the prevalence of the congenital malformations under study. Attendance at prenatal check-ups had a negative correlation with the prevalence of the malformations of interest in this study (Spearman's rho = -0.597, p=0.006). No significant correlation was found with the other variables analyzed derived from the multipurpose survey. Conclusions: The prevalence of congenital gastrointestinal malformations is higher in localities located in the center-east of the city. The results of this study point out the importance of centralizing neonatal surgical care services for these pathologies in the subnetwork of services that serves that population. The analyzes carried out do not allow us to identify causal associations for the malformations of interest. Additionally, the calculated coefficients show that there is no correlation between the variables primiparity and maternal age with the three most prevalent malformations. Attendance at prenatal check-ups showed a negative correlation indicating that there could be a lower prevalence of congenital malformations when attending prenatal check-ups, while substance use at home was related to a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal malformations.
