Background: Infections caused by S. maltophilia pose a clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic options and their association with adverse outcomes. In our country, there is a lack of data on antimicrobial susceptibility, treatments, or outcomes in patients with this microorganism. Methodology: A single retrospective cohort study was conducted to characterize S. maltophilia infections. Demographic data, comorbidities, infection acquisition, infectious foci, antimicrobial sensitivity, and clinical outcomes were collected. An Exploratory analysis was performed to establish associations between outcomes and the most relevant clinical variables. Results: 58 patients were included over a 5-year period. Mortality was 51.7%, with nosocomial acquisition in 82.8% of cases. Pneumonia was the most common clinical presentation (34.5%), followed by tracheitis (22.4%) and bacteremia (19%). 20% of the population were solid organ transplant patients, and an association between SARS-CoV-2 coinfection and mortality was observed. Conclusion: Results highlight the poor outcomes associated with S. maltophilia, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and preventive strategies to improve clinical outcomes. It is important to deepen understanding of treatment response in solid organ transplant patients, given their high prevalence in our cohort. Together, these findings provide a detailed insight into the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and outcomes in patients with S. maltophilia infections, offering a solid foundation for future research and practical guidance to enhance patient care.
