ObjectiveConduct a systematic review of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (NLE) in order to compact and synthesize the fragmented knowledge and to inform the current status of this issue as occupational hazard.MethodologyThe lipoid pneumonia is a rare condition that results from the presence of lipids within the alveolar space, its actual incidence is unknown. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by aspiration or inhalation of oily substances, is a rare disease in patients without underlying diseases that predispose to aspiration and when present in healthy known patients should be suspected that their origin is most likely occupational type. A literature review was conducted according to standardized methodology, including search: case reports, descriptions of the disease and the use of diagnostic techniques. The databases were OVID ACADEMIC GOOGLE well; Specific search engines: MEDLINE, CHEST, PUB MED, REDALYC, SCIELO, Europe PubMed Central (PMC Europe) and ELSEVIER. The search also was oriented by a series of guiding questions about the exogenous lipoid pneumonia (NLE) as occupational hazard. The articles that met the inclusion criteria, were classified according to: the type of study, the quality of the item and finally evaluated based on a set list check for this purpose.ResultsA total of 71 studies including case reports, descriptions of disease and diagnostic techniques were selected; publications from 21 countries. A total of 63 patients, 31 females (49.20%) men and 32 (50.8%) were reported; 7.93% of the cases were attributed to exposure to agents in the workplace: fuel, paraffin / painting / oil sprays and diesel own warehouse workers and drivers paintings environments.Symptoms of exogenous lipoid pneumonia (NLE) described were highly variable, described asymptomatic or presence of fever, dyspnea and dry cough (symptoms often mimic an infectious origin); chest pain, hemoptysis in some cases, cyanosis and weight loss; The physical examination is usually normal, although it may reveal wheezing or rhonchi. In lung function tests such as spirometry, presents arestrictive pattern also may be a decrease in diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. On examination of blood can be detected: leukocytosis predominance of neutrophils and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, findings can also be produced by a concomitant infection.ConclusionsFuel, paraffin / painting / oil sprays and diesel own environments warehouse workers and drivers paintings: the finding in the literature and collection of the different causative agents and the workplace that may affect the appearance of the disease is highlighted vehicles. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (NLE) of acute type in 30 minutes to 24 hours after massive exposure oils and oily substances and chronic eight months to 9.5 years by continuous inhalation school was presented, which triggers threatening statements in workers. Available information about the manifestations of physical, physiological and clinical type is provided, as well as the most effective diagnostic method of the disease: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy confirmation chest radiography. Finally, it is possible that in patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia, associated complications may arise such as: superinfection, fibrosis, shrinkage of lesions, lung cancer, recurrent bronchopneumonia and hypercalcemia.
