Introduction: Peritonsillar abscesses are collections of pus between the capsule of the palatine tonsils and the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx that without treatment can present potentially fatal complications, being the most prevalent otorhinolaryngological infection that requires hospitalization. Management consists of securing the airway, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic management, and drainage of purulent material. Microbiological analyzes show Streptococcus pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum as the most frequently isolated in monocultures, with reported prevalences of 20-30% and 4-53%, respectively. There is no consensus regarding the duration and type of antibiotic management, although combined management covering gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes is widely accepted. The use of benzylpenicillin and metronidazole (8), amoxicillin clavulanate, third-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole or third-generation cephalosporins and clindamycin (2, 7) has been reported in the literature. In the literature, resistance has been found for clindamycin in alpha-hemolytic streptococci at 6.67% and for erythromycin at 6.67%, and in milleri group streptococci for clindamycin at 11.11% and for erythromycin at 11.11%. Additionally, a 37.5% resistance to penicillin has been reported in staphylococcus strains, which seems to be higher in patients with extension to deep neck spaces (1). Objective: The objective of this study is to establish the microbiological profile of peritonsillar abscesses in patients who underwent drainage at the Hospital Universitario Mayor during the period 2019 to 2020. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of patients diagnosed with peritonsillar abscess between 2019 and 2020 treated by the Otorhinolaryngology service of the Hospital Universitario Mayor, who underwent puncture/drainage of the peritonsillar abscess with culture, gram and antibiogram of the secretion obtained; The information of each patient was taken from the medical records of the SERVINTE platform of the Hospital Universitario Mayor. Results: The male gender comprises 55.56% of the analyzed population, with a mean of 32.33 years (SD 9.01). The laterality of the peritonsillar abscess was mostly left in 66.67% (n=6). Within the analyzed population, a predominant microorganism was not evidenced, however, a variety of bacterial organisms were isolated, including: Eikenella Corrodens (11.11%), S. aureus (11.11%), Streptococcus anginosus (11.11%), among others . The antibiotic therapy indicated for the patients was analyzed according to their proportion. Azithromycin or amoxicillin was indicated in 44.44% of cases, clindamycin in 22.22%, penicillin G in 11.11%. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was analyzed, finding 25% antibiotic resistance for ampicillin, 40% for clindamycin, 60% for erythromycin and tetracyclines. For penicillins, no antibiotic resistance was found. Conclusion: In this study it was found that all APA cultures were monomicrobial, with S. constellatus, a component of the normal flora of the oral cavity, as the most prevalent microorganism. S. pyogenes was not found in this study, contrary to what is reported in the literature regarding monocultures. Additionally, 60% antibiotic resistance to azithromycin and tetracyclines, 40% to clindamycin and 25% antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, which contrasts with the antibiotic management that was indicated to patients with azithromycin or amoxicillin in 40% of the cases. cases, clindamycin in 22.2% and penicillin G in one patient. Penicillin is recommended as first-line management of acute tonsillitis.
