Prevalencia y factores relacionados con sintomas musculoesqueléticos de los miembros superiores en trabajadores de la salud. Revisión de alcance de la literatura 2014 a 2024
Thesis
Introduction: Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a public health problem worldwide, significantly impacting the quality of life of workers and the productivity of organizations. There are high-risk jobs, however, health personnel, due to the characteristics of their tasks (repetitive movements, forced postures, lifting loads, etc.) are especially exposed to these disorders. Despite the abundant literature on this topic, there are still gaps in knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors related to MSDs in different groups of health professionals (physicians, nurses, therapists, specialists and dentists). Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper limbs in health workers, identifying the associated risk factors and sociodemographic and work characteristics. Methodology: A scoping review of the literature was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The Scopus, SpringerLink and PubMed databases were used to search for articles published in the last 10 years in languages such as Spanish and English with the following variables: upper limb symptoms, sex, profession, working day, associated or related factors, hours worked per day, prevalence, total time worked and age. Results: This review reveals a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper limbs among health professionals, with nursing and dental staff being the most affected. Work experience, female sex and age are emerging as key risk factors. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need to implement prevention and health promotion programs in health centers, focused on the early identification of symptoms, modification of occupational risk factors and training of workers in load handling and ergonomics techniques.
