Viabilidad técnica para la co-digestión de residuos del cultivo de maíz y estiércol del cerdo en granjas porcícolas para la autogeneración eléctrica
Thesis
This document analyzes the energy potential of the mixture of two constantly generating biomasses with the anaerobic co-digestion process in the pork sector. The starting point is the problems that arise during the operation of pig farms and how we can contribute so that they fit within an environmentally friendly circular economy framework that allows guaranteeing a food supply that grows proportionally to the increase in population. That is why, through the reuse of usable waste generated during the operation of pig farms, it can be transformed into biogas through the co-digestion process, going through each of its phases (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, methanogenesis). Under appropriate conditions of the type of biomass, temperature, total solids (ST), volatile solids (SV), C/N ratio, volumetric organic load, PH, the aim is to guarantee a constant and continuous production of biogas. This document analyzes the energy potential of the mixture of two constantly generating biomasses through aerobic co-digestion process in the pork production sector. The starting point is the national inventory of the biomasses under study, its collection, characterization and testing (proximate and elemental analysis to determine the composition of the mixture), with which the volume of biogas is estimated using three different bibliographic sources, including an estimate of the energy potential. Based on the lowest calculated volume of biogas in the departments where there are pig farms and corn crops. Through these calculations, the electric energy potential from pig farms is estimated, finding that the sector's contribution is 114.6 MW h, capable of supplying 1.2% of 9,500 MW at the country's peak demand. This work also presents an explanation of the biodigesters found in the market on the market and the biogas cleaning technologies, as well as a successful example of the transformation of biogas into electrical energy with Jenbache engines from the headquarters of General Electric. Finally, the importance of biogas within the energy matrix as a renewable source is stated, ending with recommendations and conclusions with the results found. As a complement, technical sheets of some equipment available on the market and results of the characterization of the biomass under study are attached.
