Prevalencia de síntomas osteomuculares en operadores de vehículos mecánicos del sistema integrado de transporte masivo en la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia 2016
Thesis
The number of consultations that are attended daily as a consequence of musculoskeletal injuries presented by drivers of the Integrated System of Mass Transit, conditions that lead to absenteeism, exhaustion, demotivation, stress, affecting not only the workers but also the organizations That have them employed. Currently, there are few studies that identify the cause of these injuries in the integrated transport systems and that allow to direct corrective actions for this, being this the main motivation to carry out the present study. Objective: To identify the physical-mechanical ergonomic conditions of driving work and to estimate the prevalence of symptoms in the musculoskeletal system among mechanical vehicle operators in the integrated transportation system of the city of Pereira. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 204 conductors. It was taken into account into the detailed tasks performed by the operators and their general ergonomic conditions; After that, two instruments were applied: a standardized Nordic questionnaire for the detection and analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms and a semi-structured interview to complement the information about the operators. Statistically we worked on frequency distributions that allowed the identification of the prevalence of symptoms according to the body segments. Results: As a result of the research, the age group with the highest number of reported cases associated with musculoskeletal problems, which correspond to those over 50 years of age, is also observed. In other hand was identified that their daily days comprise between 9 and 12 hours, these days Of rest to the sport and outdoor activities, make active pauses, but little use of protection elements like backs. Show pain in the dorsal or lumbar spine. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was presented at neck, dorsal column and shoulders and to a less extent in elbows and wrist or hand. Conclusions: We found a significant association between the sociodemographic and labor variables exposed, where the explanation of the symptoms can be oriented to the bad postures at the moment of driving the vehicles, in addition to the repetitive movements that their work entails and the workdays superior to 8 hours.
