The increment in the prevalence of nosocomial infections caused by species of Klebsiella spp. extended spectrum beta-lactamase EEBL-producing has it been increased in the hospitalized population constituting a problem of public health, although local data in infants and newborn are limited. The objective of this study was to define the risk factors associated to the presence of bacteriemia by Klebsiella pneumoniae EEBL-producing in neonates that enter to the neonatal intensive care unit NICU. It was carried out a study of cases and controls in a NICU of Bogotá (Colombia) from January of 2004 to December of 2005. They were defined as case the infants with diagnostic of bacteremia for K. pneumoniae EEBL- producing, and like controls to the infants admitted in the same period of time without bacteremia by this microorganism. A total of 72 patients was analyzed (24 cases and 48 controls) finding in the multivariate analysis a significant association with the previous use of antibiotics (OR: 12. 85; IC 95%: 1. 08-91. 6; p < 0. 001) and with the use of mechanical ventilation (OR: 40. 2; IC 95%: 5. 67-285. 94; p < 0. 001). Results that present agreement with other published studies.
