Teleworking is a new work system, which allows work activities from a different point to the facilities of the company or employer, usually from home. Its growth in recent years has been significant thanks to the improvement of telecommunications, which are a fundamental part of this system. Teleworking has great advantages for workers, companies and cities where it is implemented; but it also has disadvantages which must be counteracted by action plans in order to take full advantage of these new tools in the labor field and not to generate new risks for workers. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of literature that identifies the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in general. Materials and methods: A review of the literature was made using databases of APA, Cochrane, CRAI, Emerald, Medlineproquest, Psicodoc, Pubmed, Sage, Scielo, Science Direct, articles in the period from 2000 to 2017, in English and Spanish languages; where there is a relationship between the concept of teleworking, health and the environment. Results: The USA reports that 37% of the working population does telecommuting while 14.5% does it in Europe for 2015, figures that continue to grow according to greater knowledge of this work system. In a greater percentage of the articles found in this study (35 studies of 54 in total) there are greater advantages focused mainly on the reduction of stress (β = -1.36, SE = 0.51, p = 0.002) and pollution (average reduction of 65% of Kilometers per day and 60% per day of polluting emissions) due to the reduction of journeys from home - work - home, allowing to manage time for family and work demands (m = 0.63, β = - 0.20, p <.001), better job performance (m = 0.67, β = 0.12, p <.05), job satisfaction (m = 0.43, β = 0.10, p <.05) (F (17, 1948) = 16.74, R² = .13) and lower pressure for work (F (1,548) = 58,934, p <0.001). Conclusion: It is a tool that can be implemented in different countries and can be positive for the worker from the psychosocial point of view and for the cities from the environmental and mobility point of view; but it needs to have clear policies for its correct performance. There is a need for evidence of studies over long periods of time.
