Prevalencia de Dermatitis de Contacto Alérgica e Irritativa en trabajadores de diversos sectores económicos que consultaron a una IPS de salud ocupacional en Bogotá, Colombia, 2021
Thesis
Introduction: There is a wide range of skin pathologies, which can be generated by occupational exposure. Occupational dermatoses include contact dermatitis, but also other conditions such as skin cancer, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, acquired by exposure during work activity. Contact dermatitis has a prevalence of 90% in most cases of occupational dermatitis and allergic dermatitis corresponds to 20% of occupational dermatoses. It has been found that 37.7% of people with occupational disease belong to the construction sector (1), where the work environment and exposure to substances in various tasks and jobs can cause skin diseases. Dermatitis is a disease that can cause limitation in various manual activities, decreased productivity, alteration in the quality of life, and in countries where there are legal measures it is the cause of compensatory payments for disability. Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis and irritative contact dermatitis in workers from economic sectors of construction and administrative positions from various sectors that consulted an IPS of Occupational Health of Bogotá between the period of August 2020 to the period of August 2021 Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, which included a total of 2,121 people attended in an occupational IPS located in the city of Bogotá, for their occupational examination, most of them on admission, during the period from August 2020 to August 2021. The prevalence of dermatitis in construction workers and administrative workers from various economic sectors was determined. Variables were analyzed demographic, personal and work-related frequencies, obtaining univariate frequencies, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, and their statistical association that would allow the identification of the variables related to the event. Results: Of 2221 patients evaluated during the study period, 885 met the defined inclusion criteria, of these, 92% belong to the construction sector, and 7.3% belong to administrative positions in various sectors. It was found that 90.5% did not have any skin disease and only 9.5% (81 people) had any skin disease; 74.1% (60 people) of this 9.5% had some dermatitis, and 25.9% (21 people) some dermatological disorder other than dermatitis. Conclusions: Although the literature shows a relationship between jobs that involve the construction sector and the prevalence of dermatitis, the study showed that there is no direct relationship between the type of position and the economic sector to develop skin pathologies.
