From a public health perspective, research on midwifery in Colombia reveals a tension between biomedical knowledge, traditional practices, and the social legitimacy granted by individuals who seek health practices outside the institutionalized system. This tension has intensified since 2017, when the Ministry of Culture declared Afro-Pacific midwifery as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Nation. This declaration opened the door for the potential institutionalization of the practice and created uncertainty regarding other forms of midwifery. Despite recognizing the importance of midwifery in women's sexual and reproductive health, there is a deficiency in both research and the Colombian legal framework. Midwifery is not included in the care pathway for pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, despite being a necessary component for support and the enhancement of sexual and reproductive rights. In response to this gap in knowledge about various types of midwifery, this research proposes a metasynthesis of scientific production in the fields of health sciences and social sciences between 2012 and 2022. The objective is to examine the relationship between midwifery and public health in Colombia and to explore the considerations necessary for its inclusion in initiatives for humanized childbirth.