Introduction: Post-extubation Croup is a common complication in pediatric patients who require orotracheal intubation for procedures under general anesthesia. The general objective of the study is to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery between June 2020 and October 2020 who presented with post-extubation croup during the postoperative period and were treated at Cardio-IC. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive case series study was conducted. A non-probabilistic consecutive sampling method was used to select 16 pediatric patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The description of the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables defined for the study was performed using frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency (mean, standard deviation, median), and quartiles. Results: The patients included in the study had an average age of 18 ±22 months, with a median of 9 months. The average weight was 8±4.5 kg and the height was 71.4±16.4 cms. There were no gender differences (50% female and 50% male). Most patients (44%) were classified as having a preoperative risk of 3 according to the Rachs-1 scale. In the postoperative period, the study group had a total mechanical ventilation time of 155±142 hours with a median of 102 hours. The reintubation rate was 44% in 7 patients. Conclusion: Postoperative Croup in pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery is a complication that can compromise postoperative recovery and prognosis. Identifying predisposing factors, proper intraoperative management, and implementing a standardized and objective diagnostic and follow-up method are essential to prevent, identify, and timely treat this complication.
