Prevalencia de la disfunción diastólica en enfermedad cardíaca, en la UCI Cardiovascular del Hospital Universitario Julio Méndez Barreneche Ene 2021 – Mar 2024. Santa Marta, Colombia 2024
Thesis
Background and Objective: Cardiovascular disease is a serious public health problem, with increasing mortality rates, where the management of the usual, standard or modifiable risk factors from prevention programs does not seem to be sufficient. The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and its impact on cardiac outcomes, as a possible risk and prognostic factor that could complement treatment strategies from cardiovascular primary care programs. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included patients admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit, who had echocardiographic and coronary arteriographic studies, from February 2021 to March 2024. Epidemiological variables, comorbidities, echocardiographic and arteriographic data were recorded. We followed the patients after admission for an average of 6 months, recording the incidence of cardiovascular events and associated events of interest. Results: A total of 865 patients (45.1% male, mean age 63 +/- 13 years) were included. A pattern of diastolic dysfunction was documented in 75.9% of cases and some degree of systolic dysfunction in 56.5% of cases. Relevant outcomes included: coronary lesion in 54.8%, arrhythmias in 22%, readmissions in 26.6% and mortality in 6.1%. The analysis showed that at least one of the type 1 or 2 patterns of diastolic dysfunction was significantly associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes with a p value of < 0.005. Conclusion: These findings suggest that diastolic dysfunction assessment can be considered an independent tool in risk stratification and prognosis to improve management strategies for cardiovascular patients, which could be implemented from prevention and primary care programs adapted to echocardiographic study, with a view to mitigating the impacting public health problem regarding the increasing rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
