Summary: Introduction: Gasoline contains hundreds of chemical components such as aliphatic, aromatic and lead hydrocarbons, among others, which can have an impact on the health of workers, especially when they have been chronically exposed. Benzene, a chemical that comes from industrial and natural sources, is distributed in all environmental matrices such as air, water and soil and occupational exposure is associated with the development of aplastic anemia, leukemia and lymphoma. The contribution of the gas stations to the formation of the total benzene concentrations observed is significant in all the environments examined (urban, suburban, rural). Objective: To characterize the exposure and the development of leukemia in workers of petrol stations exposed to benzene. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review of the years 2007-2018 was carried out, using Pubmed, Medline and Scielo databases, in English and Spanish, search terms were benzene, gasoline, cancer, leukemia , articles were revised to full text. Results: The majority of studies evaluated show a relationship between benzene and leukemia and as factors related to age, exposure time, exposure dose and non-use of personal protection elements. There was evidence of dose-related risk patterns according to cumulative exposure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) (p = 0.052 and 0.024, respectively), and suggestively so for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) according to the average intensity (p = 0.094) Conclusions: A relation was found between the appearance of leukemia in workers of petrol stations exposed to benzene, confirming the evidence that there is modulation in the immune and hematological system in gasoline dispensers.
