Objective To describe the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of scleritis in Colombia. Methods and analysis Population-based study using the national database from the Colombian Ministry of Health, using the International Classification of Diseases-10 code for Scleritis (H150) to estimate the prevalence and incidence from 2015 to 2019. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the epidemiology of the disease during 2020, using the Gaussian Random Markov Field model (conditional autoregressive; CAR model). Finally, a standardised morbidity rate map was made to assess the geographic distribution of scleritis in the country. Results The 5-year average prevalence and incidence of scleritis in Colombia were 0.6 (95percent-flag-change CI 0.59 to 0.6) and 0.65 (95percent-flag-change CI 0.64 to 0.64) cases per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. We found 1429 registers of scleritis throughout the country between 2015 and 2019. Women represented 64.3percent-flag-change. The age groups with most cases were between 40 and 69 years in both sexes. However, women between 30 and 39 years and men between 20 and 29 years presented the highest number of new cases. In 2020, the pandemic reduced approximately 0.23 points the incidence of scleritis. Bogotá, Valle del Cauca and Antioquia had most of the cases, the latter two with an increased risk over time. Conclusion Colombia has a lower incidence of scleritis than the reported in other latitudes, with a pattern of presentation at younger ages. Furthermore, the lockdown derived from the CODIV-19 pandemic affected the follow-up and diagnosis of patients with scleritis. This is the first epidemiological description of scleritis in a developing country and South America.
