Introduction: WHO reveals that in 2010 around 43 million children under 5 are overweight. In Colombia according to the National Nutrition Survey Situation in Colombia in its 2005 version, he showed an overall prevalence of 3. 1% overweight children 0-4 years. It is a health condition in multifactorial involving genetic, environmental, maternal and perinatal factors. Objective: To establish the association of risk between low birth weight and the development of overweight and obesity in children between 4 to 5 years. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study with nutritional, maternal and perinatal data from the National Demographic Health Survey 2010 was conducted in Colombia. The association between the independent variable low birth weight (LBW) with the outcome overweight and obesity in children between 4 to 5 years, as measured using BMI for age was analyzed. Univariate analyzes were performed, bivariate and logistic regression model risk according to the variables that affect the outcome and the independent variable. Results: The sample was obtained for the study of 2166 children between 4 to 5 years of age who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in early childhood was 21. 8% (472) and low birth weight. The results suggest the association of underweight and overweight or obese is ORajust = 0. 560 [IC95% 0356-0881]. Conclusions: The results suggest a protective factor association between low weight and overweight or obese in early childhood. However, due to the behavior of the variables considered in the sample there is not enough information to fully reject the null hypothesis.
